The oral sensory ability in children can be assessed through test of intraoral stereognosis and two-point discrimination. Currently, these two tests are not frequently used in clinical settings, and normative data are not always available. The aim of this study was to establish normative data for these two tests in children aged 5;6 to 7;0 years. Further, intention was to compare the results with respect to age and gender. In total 103 children participated, 49 boys and 54 girls.

A method for equine intra oral radiology has been tested. In the study, both a digital system with an intraoral sensor connected to a laptop and a system utilizing image plates and digital developing was tested, initially on cadaver sculls and finally on sedated horses. The digital sensor was not considered viable for this purpose, while the system with image plates and digital developing worked very well. Two different techniques, i.e. parallel and bisectris, are suggested for the best visualization of different parts of the teeth. Intra carious injections of Mixobar oesophaghus contrast fluid was found useful when evaluating the extent of carious lesions. Compared to extra oral radiology, the new method had several advantages and can be used both in clinic and field practices..

Introduktion: Modellanalys har traditionellt gjorts på fysiska gipsmodeller. Idag finns ny teknik som möjliggör framställning av digitala modeller utan behov av konventionella avtryck. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka tillförlitligheten hos digitala modeller framställda med en intraoral scanner, patientupplevelsen och olika tidsaspekter förenade med tekniken. Metod: På ett urval av 20 vuxna personer gjordes både konventionell avtryckstagning och en intraoral scanning (TRIOS, 3Shape) av bettet för framställning av gipsmodeller och digitala modeller. Den kliniska tidsåtgången mättes och personerna besvarade ett frågeformulär gällande sin upplevelse av metoderna. Fyra observatörer diagnostiserade bettrelationer och utförde ortodontiska mätningar på gipsmodeller med ett skjutmått och digitala modeller med OrthoAnalyzer Orthodontics (3Shape, Danmark).

Bakgrund. En gyllene standard för att bestämma noggrannheten för intraorala scannrar existerar inte. Intraorala scannrars prestanda som ges av olika leverantörer är inte fullt jämförbara. Det finns ett behov att standardisera och ta fram oberoende försöksupplägg för att kunna jämföra intraorala scannrar. Mål. Målet med studien var att beskriva och utvärdera en ny metod för att bestämma noggrannheten av intraorala scannrar genom ett standardiserat in vitro testförsök och att använda metoden för att beräkna noggrannheten på en kommersiell intraoral scanner. Material och metod.

Background: Pressure ulcers are a common problem and cause great suffering for those who develop it, and are also an expensive cost to the society. Aim: To describe nursing measures for prevention of pressure ulcers among elderly people in ordinary and nursing homes. Method: A literature review by structured analyze of scientific articles. Result: The analyze resulted in six subjects for prevention of pressure ulcers. These subjects were; risk assesment, nutrition, repositioning, skin/hygiene, nurse knowledge and documentation.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. One type of treatment is internal radiation therapy, brachytherapy. This treatment requires the patient to lie completely motionless and in lithotomy position. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pressure ulcers associated with brachytherapy in prostate cancer at the UniversityHospitalin Uppsala. Furthermore, the purpose was to identify the most common location of pressure ulcer and to examine whether there were any connection between risk factors and possible pressure ulcers.

Compressed air is a low efficiency media, and is thus very expensive to produce. This thesis work began by mind mapping how to create savings on the compressed air system at Billerud Skärblacka AB. Certain issues have been chosen for further studies.In order to identify the consumption of compressed air at PM 8 and 9, several measurements were made. At PM 8 there were not found any pressure drop, only large pressure variations for short periods of time. The causes of these pressure variations were not established.

Aim: The aim is to create a review that examines different forms of massage therapy and their effects on hypertension.Method: Literature review of 10 scientific articles on the subject of massage and its effects on blood pressure. The literature searches were made with PubMed and Cinahl using the keywords "massage therapy", "effects" and "blood pressure".Results: The articles showed that massage had a positive effect in lowering blood pressure. This could be explained by greater extent of relaxation in the participants investigated and an increased activity of parasympaticus and reduced secretion of stress hormones. The articles do not agree on what form of massage therapy is most effective in lowering blood pressure and it is uncertain for how long the effect can remain.Conclusion: Massage is usually seen as a treatment without scientific basis. There is evidence that suggests that massage therapy is an effective treatment for lowering blood pressure.

Background: Pressure ulcer is a complication that arises often due to a lowered general condition. Pressure ulcer arise because of long term compressive load application. That?s why it?s of utmost importance as a nurse to work in preventive ways, as the pressure ulcer lead to physical, psychological and social consequences for the patient. Purpose: The purpose was to describe the patients experiences of living with pressure ulcer.

Mammary gland neoplasia is one of the most common diseases in the bitch and the most common neoplastic disease. More than 13 % of the female dog population in Sweden suffers from mammary tumors during their lifetime. The disease can affect bitches in all ages but most often middle aged and older dogs. Some breeds such as Poodle and English Setter are predisposed for the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate if it is possible to improve the post surgical healing process by using a pressure pad.

Background: Pressure ulcers have during a long time ages caused great suffering for the patients. The factors affecting the occurrence of pressure ulcers can be both internal and external, such as immobility and malnutrition. Nurses´ role is to assess risks and thus pay attention to prevent and treat pressure ulcers. The nurse may use various assessment tools to highlight and document patients at risk for developing pressure ulcers. Aim: This study was to describe health professionals´ thoughts and actions about the pressure ulcers.

This thesis is seeking to explain why policy change come about. This is done by applying a part of Karin Lindgrens dissertation Vad styr ledaren?. The research evolves around the term pressure and the hypothesis are that policy change come about when there is middle range pressure on the decision-maker. Low and high pressure results in no or small policy change.The thesis is done as a case study where the economic crisis in Thailand 1996-1999 makes my case.

The purpose of this report is to collect, compile and complement the scientific and experience based knowledge concerning high pressure fire fighting today. The goal is to produce a decision data for the Rescue Service concerning the use of high pressure systems for fire fighting. Focus is on hose reel high pressure systems but other systems are discussed too. The report begins by describing the technical properties of the different systems. Then the fire fighting properties are evaluated, including manoeuvrability and safety for users.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan subglottalt tryck och ljudtrycksnivå, och undersöka inverkan av kön och tonhöjd. Röststyrkan är starkt beroende av subglottalt tryck och sambandet har analyserats i ett flertal studier, som alla visar på ett linjärt förhållande mellan logaritmen av subglottala trycket och ljudtrycksnivån (SPL). Schutte (1980) analyserade sambandet för 21 kvinnor och  24 män som producerade ett stort antal mätdata med olika SPL och tonhöjd. Tryck mättes med ballong i esofagus. Tanaka & Gould (1982) analyserade 4 kvinnor och 6 män på tre ljudnivåer på bekväm tonhöjd; svag, normal och stark ljudstyrka.

BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers are unpleasant and painful and causes anxiety not only patient but also for the relatives. It also results in longer hospital stay and increased costs for health care sector and because of this it?s important to identify and survery the origin and what preventive measures there are to prevent pressure ulcer. AIM: To illustrate the nurses´ work to prevent the origin of pressure ulcers. METHOD: A general literary study where scientific articles were searched and found in electronic databases and through manual searches.